Fong Law Group

He’s 60. She’s 48. What Does Their Retirement Plan Look Like?

“The Pew Research Center looked at the age gap in couples. For the most part, people marry someone close in age. However, one stereotype proved to be true: Men who are remarrying tend to wed younger women.”

When couples are about the same age, working the retirement numbers is complicated enough.  However, what about when there’s a big age gap. In fact, an article from The Washington Post asks “How will a couple’s retirement look when there’s a big age gap?” Apparently, a big age gap can lead to some special challenges.

Not only are men who have recently remarried more likely to have a spouse who is younger, said one researcher, in many cases they are marrying women who are much younger. Twenty percent of newly married men wed women who are at least 10 years younger than themselves and another 18% marry women who are six to nine years younger.

By comparison, just 5% of men in their first marriage marry women who are 10 years younger.

For women, the likelihood of having a far younger spouse is very low.

That big age gap can be a big factor in decisions about when you retire, when spouses take Social Security and in planning how much money the couple needs to save and how to invest their savings.  Since women tend to outlive men, it’s especially important for retirement savings to last longer, when the wife is much younger than her husband.

When to retire is one of the big questions. Long-term care considerations, health insurance and other health costs become more significant, when there’s a younger spouse.

Couples with big age gaps need to have a plan that accommodates the partner with the longest life expectancy. Therefore, a 70-year-old husband and a 56-year-old wife need to plan for their portfolio to last over the wife’s longer life span. That could be 30 years, especially if she has good health and a family history of longevity.

If the older partner had a higher income level over his working career, delaying Social Security filing past full retirement age to age 70 could be extremely important. It will enlarge the higher-earning spouse’s benefit and it will also enhance the lifetime benefits for the surviving spouse.

If there is a big age gap between you and your partner, you’ll need to have a lot of discussions about the issues that retirement and retirement planning brings.

Couples should sit down with an estate planning attorney and discuss the challenges they may face because of a large age difference. The attorney will be able to provide guidance, including exploring the use of many kinds of trusts or other estate planning tools that will protect the younger spouse.

Reference: The Washington Post (Oct. 22, 2018) “How will a couple’s retirement look when there’s a big age gap?”

How Will You Pay for Nursing Care? 你將如何支付護理費？ (中英對照)

“While the U.S. inflation rate was 2.1% for the first half of the year, the cost of a one-room assisted living facility grew by 6.67% from 2017 to 2018, Genworth Financial says.”

In other words, you’re going to need a much heftier retirement fund or a better plan, to prepare for the possibility of needing long term care. A recent article from CNBC, “This retirement expense has hit $100,000 annually–and it’s continuing to rise,” reports that a larger number of older adults will need specialized care. Another problem is a shortage of skilled workers. Care expenses will rise with wage demands. Your best bet: start planning now for how you’d like to receive—and pay for—your care.

Overall, the rising cost of care has outpaced inflation. The CPI (Consumer Price Index) for all urban consumers was 2.1% for the first half of 2018. The annual median cost of a room at an assisted living facility grew faster, and even the cost of a shared room in a nursing care facility increased—by 4.11%.

Here’s a look at the most expensive places to seek care:

Aging in Alaska is the most expensive state, if you need to be in a nursing home. The annual median cost for a private room: $330,873, according to the Genworth study. An alternative might be assisted living facilities. However, they offer less medical care or assistance. There’s also the option of having a home health care aide come to visit.

Home health care services cost the most in Hawaii, where patients pay an annual cost of $68,640 for just 44 hours a week of care at home. The growing demand for support services, is likely to push the cost of care even higher.

People planning to retire in five years or so, can prepare by working with a knowledgeable advisor. The first question is, where do you want to receive care? The next one is to plan for the worst-case situation, where you or a spouse need the care that only a skilled facility can provide.

The solution, if you can get coverage, may be a long-term care insurance policy, or a life insurance policy with a long-term care feature. The cost may be high but the costs you might incur without that coverage will be way higher.

Another solution is Medicaid (Medi-Cal in California).  In most states, Medicaid is the only government program that can nursing care.  However, Medicaid is not open to everybody.  You must pass a means-test in order to qualify for Medcaid.  Medicaid involves a series of complex rules and it is not easy to tell right away whether a person qualifies for Medicaid.  If you want to know whether you qualify for Medicaid, you should contact an attorney specializing in this area. 

Part of your planning should also include selecting trusted people, family or friends, who can be named to take over your financial matters (power of attorney) or medical care (health care power of attorney), should you become incapacitated, by illness or injury.

Your estate planning attorney will be able to help you prepare these documents, along with a comprehensive estate plan that protects you and your family while you are living and after you have passed.

Reference: CNBC (Oct. 20, 2018) “This retirement expense has hit $100,000 annually–and it’s continuing to rise”

Genworth Financial表示，“雖然上半年美國通脹率為2.1％，但室內輔助生活設施的成本從2017年到2018年增長了6.67%。”

換句話說，你需要一個更強大的退休基金或更好的計劃，為需要長期護理的可能做準備。 CNBC最近發表的一篇文章稱，“This retirement expense has hit $100,000 annually–and it’s continuing to rise”  大多數老人需要專門護理。另一個問題是技術工人短缺。護理費將隨工資需求而增加。您最好的選擇是現在就開始計劃您希望如何接收並支付您的護理費。

總體而言，護理成本的上升超過了通貨膨脹。 2018年上半年所有城市消費者的CPI（消費者價格指數）為2.1%。可是輔助生活設施的房間年度中位數成本增長更快，甚至護理設施中共用房間的成本也增加了 4.11%。

以下是護理費最昂貴的地方：

如果你需要住在養老院，阿拉斯加是養老最昂貴的州。根據Genworth的研究，私人房間的年度中位數成本為330,873美元。另一種可能是輔助生活設施。但是，他們提供的醫療保健或援助較少。還有另一個選擇是請家庭醫療助手前來探望。

在夏威夷，家庭醫療保健服務的成本最高，患者每週僅44小時就需支付一年68,640美元的費用。對於支援服務的需求不斷增加，這可使護理成本更高。

計劃在五年之內左右退休的人可以通過與專業人士合作來做好準備。第一個問題是，您想在哪裡接受護理？下一個為最壞的情況打算，您或配偶需要入住護老院才可護理。

如果保險些，解決方案可能是長期護理保險政策，或具有長期護理功能的人壽保險。成本可能會很高，但如果沒有覆蓋所有範圍，可能會產生更高的成本。

另一種解決方法是醫療補助（加州白卡）。 在大多數州，醫療補助是唯一可以提供護理的政府計劃。 但是，醫療補助計劃並不對所有人開放。 您必須通過一連串的經濟審查才能獲得醫療補助資格。 醫療補助涉及一系列複雜的規則，並且不能立即便判斷一個人是否有資格獲得。 如果您想知道自己是否有資格獲得白卡，您應該聯繫專門從事該領域的律師。

您的計劃還應包括選擇可信賴的人，家人或朋友為您在生病或受傷而無法處理財務或醫療時去幫你處理有關事務。

您的資產規劃律師將能夠幫您準備這些文件，一個全面的資產計劃能在你在生及去世後去保護您和您的家人。

參考: CNBC (Oct. 20, 2018) “This retirement expense has hit $100,000 annually–and it’s continuing to rise”

 

Financing Assisted Living by Saving, Planning and Insurance

“In March 2018, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that by 2030, all baby boomers will be over the age of 65, leading to a unique situation in demographics: 20% of U.S. residents will be at retirement age.”

Part of the increase in the number of people who live long enough to be of retirement age, is because life expectancies have increased. The average U.S. life expectancy has increased from 68 years in 1950 to 79 years in 2013, according to the Population Reference Bureau cited in an article from U.S. News & World Report titled “How Should I Finance Assisted Living?”

The combination of increasing life expectancies and improvements to healthcare, means that more people are living longer after they stop working. This has led to a financial crisis for many Americans: how can they pay for the increased cost of healthcare and assistance needed, as they enjoy these additional years, and in some cases, decades.

It’s like a math problem. If you retire at age 65 and need to enter an assisted living facility 10 years later, how much money will you need to pay for the health care you’ll need by the time you reach 84? It’s impossible to calculate, because there are so many unknown factors.

Those factors are exactly what Americans need to consider, because most facilities primarily rely on private payments and Medicare does not cover the cost of assisted living facilities. It only pays for rehabilitation in a nursing home for the first hundred days. After that, the only assistance available is Medicaid.

Medicaid coverage is supposed to kick in, only when a person has spent down all of their assets and is basically destitute.

One survey by a major financial company reports that the median monthly cost for an assisted living community is $3,750 or $45,000 a year. Long-term care by a home health aide can top $4,000 monthly or nearly $50,000 a year.

These kinds of numbers demonstrate the need to save and plan well for retirement and for the possibility of needing to pay for assisted living. However, boomers are not at all positioned well for either retirement or assisted living. By the time people start thinking about retirement, they are usually in their 50s or 60s.

No matter when you start, starting is better than not doing anything. When you meet with your estate planning attorney, discuss how your estate is structured, in terms of paying for long-term care. Does it make sense for you to purchase an insurance policy to protect your assets and should it be owned by you or by a trust? What kind of trust?

Your estate planning attorney also is likely to have a network of professionals who help families navigate this complex world of care facilities. Understanding this system and the individual’s needs, can go a long way in making a difficult and expensive process much easier.

Reference: U.S. News & World Report (Oct. 10, 2018) “How Should I Finance Assisted Living?”