Fong Law Group

New Law Supports Home Care, Caregivers for Military Veterans

Takeaways

• Legislation signed in January 2025 seeks to secure better access to home- and community-based care for military veterans.
• The bipartisan Dole Act also focuses on coordinating assistance for family caregivers of veterans.

On January 2, 2025, President Biden signed into law the Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act. The legislation represents a significant step forward in supporting the needs of veterans, their families, and their caregivers.

Named in honor of former United States Senator Elizabeth Dole, a longtime advocate for military families, the law represents a significant advancement in the services and support provided to U.S. veterans. Through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), this new legislation aims to enhance veterans’ access to home and community-based services (HCBS). The Act also recognizes the critical role that caregivers play in ensuring the well-being of veterans and seeks to provide them with better support and resources.

Expansion of Home and Community-Based Services

The Act requires the VA to increase access to HCBS for eligible veterans, enabling them to receive care in their own homes or communities rather than institutional settings. Before this law passed, a veteran could receive HCBS only if those services did not exceed 65 percent of the cost they would be if administered in a VA nursing home.

Under the new law, veterans can receive HCBS if the cost is equal to the cost of receiving the same care in a VA nursing home. The VA can also allow home and community-based services that exceed the cost of VA nursing home services if the VA determines that paying the higher cost is in the best interest of the veteran.

HCBS can include personal care, homemaker services, adult day health care, respite care, and other services.

Support for Caregivers

In addition, the Elizabeth Dole Act will provide enhanced training and education programs for caregivers of veterans. Such programs will seek to help them manage the unique challenges of caring for this population. The legislation also will make more veterans and their families eligible for the VA’s Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers.

Pilot Programs and Innovation

The law calls for the development of various pilot programs, including one focused on exploring innovative HCBS models that provide homemaker and home health care services to veterans who live in communities with a shortage of home health aides. Recognizing the importance of a skilled workforce, the Act provides funding for training programs to increase the availability of home health aides and other professionals specializing in veteran care.

Addressing Challenges for Veterans and Caregivers

Veterans often face unique health challenges, including physical disabilities, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic illnesses. These conditions can make daily living tasks difficult, increasing reliance on caregivers. For many veterans, caregivers are loved ones who often sacrifice their own well-being and financial stability to provide care. By strengthening HCBS and caregiver support, the Elizabeth Dole Act addresses both veteran-specific health needs and the burdens placed on caregivers.

Other Benefits of the Legislation

The law’s emphasis on home-based care aligns with veterans’ preferences to age in place and maintain their independence. By reducing the reliance on institutional care, the legislation also has the potential to lower overall health care costs. Furthermore, the Act’s focus on caregiver support may help improve the mental and physical health of those providing care, ultimately benefiting veterans by ensuring consistent and high-quality assistance.

“The Senator Elizabeth Dole 21st Century Veterans Healthcare and Benefits Improvement Act will better support veterans, caregivers, and survivors by improving access to VA health care and benefits, expanding long-term care programs, strengthening programs for student veterans and military family members, and more,” said U.S. Senator Jerry Moran, a sponsor of the bill.

Learn More About Benefits for Veterans

Many benefits are available for veterans, although navigating the different benefit systems can be confusing. Your elder law attorney can guide you through available options and ensure you receive the benefits to which you are entitled.

New Rental Assistance Rule May Open Benefits to More Seniors

The Social Security Administration (SSA) has published a final rule simplifying and expanding its rental subsidy program for Supplemental Security Income (SSI).

Effective September 30, 2024, the new rule is likely to allow more people to qualify for SSI. In addition, some current SSI recipients may see an increase in their monthly benefit amount as a result. The rule change is part of a broader agency effort to streamline certain aspects of the SSI program.

SSI applicants and recipients may want to talk to their elder law lawyer about the new rule if they have questions about how it affects them.

How Do You Qualify for SSI?

SSI is a federal public benefits program that provides a modest monthly benefit to qualifying recipients. It serves older adults across the United States who meet strict income and resource limits. People with disabilities who have limited income and resources also may qualify. In most states, to be eligible for SSI, an individual must have less than $2,000 to their name.

SSI Rental Assistance Explained

Income affects more than whether an individual is eligible for SSI benefits. It also has an impact on the SSI recipient’s benefit amount.

The SSA’s definition of income includes not only “earned” income from a job and “unearned” income such as gifted cash, but also what SSA calls “items received in-kind,” including shelter given to an individual or that someone else pays for.

A rental subsidy can result in a lower SSI payment for current recipients. It may also disqualify someone from receiving SSI because their income is too high.

However, SSI is now changing how it calculates the rental subsidy amount. The new rule will expand an exception that previously only applied in seven states but starting in September 2024 will apply nationwide.

How Rental Subsidy Is Calculated – The Current Rule

If an individual pays a monthly required rent charge that equals or exceeds the current market rental value (CMRV) in their area, a “business arrangement” exists under SSA rules. This means that the SSA does not see the SSI applicant or recipient as receiving rental assistance.

SSA regulations consider a person to be receiving a rental subsidy — a type of unearned income — if they are paying a monthly rent amount for a property that is less than the CMRV where they live. This commonly occurs when somebody is living with a family member who charges them less for rent than what they would pay on the open market.

For example, consider an SSI recipient who lives with their sibling, paying a monthly rental rate of $400. If the CMRV in their area is $800, the amount of rental assistance would be $400.

However, the SSA imposes a regulatory cap, called a Presumed Maximum Value (PMV), on the rental subsidy amount that can be assessed; that amount is $334.33 for 2024. The SSA also has an unearned income exclusion of $20 per month.

Using the example above, imagine a landlord accepting $400 per month instead of the CMRV of $800. The amount that the SSA would count as rental assistance would be $314.33 ($334.33 PMV minus the $20 general income exclusion amount).

Assuming a maximum monthly SSI payment of $943 in 2024, and assuming there is no other countable income, the recipient’s benefit amount would be reduced to $628.67 ($943 minus $314.44).

Exception

Following court cases that challenged the SSA’s rental subsidy rule, exceptions were provided in seven states — Texas, Connecticut, New York, Vermont, Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.

In these states, a “business arrangement” still exists. However, the rental subsidy does not count as income if the monthly rental rate equals or exceeds the PMV, instead of the CMRV.

Apply this exception to the example above: An SSI recipient in Connecticut pays $400 per month instead of the CMRV of $800 per month. They would not have their rental subsidy count as income because the $400 payment is more than the $334.44 PMV for 2024.

The SSA notes that in the seven excepted states, application of the rental subsidy exception generally results in a higher SSI payment amount.

New Rule Applies SSI Rental Subsidy Exception Nationwide

The SSA announced in April 2024 that the new rule would make the state-specific rental subsidy exception national policy for SSI applicants and recipients.

According to the SSA, the policy change will increase the benefit amount for some recipients and allow more people to qualify for SSI payments. However, it will not affect how much SSA pays per month (a maximum of $943 in 2024).

Even with this exception, though, some applicants could see their monthly benefit amount reduced; others may not qualify. The actual formula that the SSA uses is complicated and includes the number of household members, as well as other sources of income.

The rental subsidy rule change is the latest SSA effort to remove barriers to accessing SSI payments. Also in the fall of 2024, the agency will no longer use food an applicant or recipient receives from friends, family, and community support networks as part of its “in-kind support and maintenance” calculations. And in April, SSA published a rule changing how it factors support from other public assistance programs, such as SNAP, when determining beneficiary payments.

More than 7 million individuals received federal SSI benefits in January 2023, with payments averaging $654 per month. During calendar year 2022, 172,000 individuals applied for SSI benefits based on age, while 1.23 million applied based on blindness or disability. Approximately 522,000 applicants received SSI benefits in 2022, a decrease of 1 percent compared to 2021.

Understanding Social Security Benefits Can Be Difficult. An Attorney Can Help.

While the new SSI rule may be advantageous for many low-income, older Americans, terms like “PMV,” “CMRV,” and “in-kind” support are not necessarily intuitive. They may add to the confusion around an already long and challenging SSI benefits process.

To make sure the value of your rental subsidy is accurately determined, and that you receive the SSI benefits you’re entitled to, get in touch with your elder law attorney.

Medicare Benefits 2024: 5 Positive Changes for Seniors

More than 65 million seniors across the country benefit from Medicare, a government health insurance program.

When Does Medicare Start?

At age 65, you become eligible for Medicare if you are a U.S. citizen. You do not have to wait until you retire to apply for the program.

You can enroll in Medicare beginning three months prior to your 65th birthday. You can also do so during the month of your 65th birthday or during the three months that follow. 

Can I Get Medicare at Age 62?

Certain individuals may be able to secure Medicare coverage earlier than age 65. For instance, if you have end-stage renal disease, ALS, or a disability, it’s possible you could qualify.

What Are the Different Parts of Medicare?

Medicare's four main parts cover different aspects of health care:

• Part A covers institutional care in hospitals and skilled nursing facilities. Part B pays for doctor visits and preventative care. This includes routine lab tests and certain outpatient treatments. Parts A and B serve as the so-called "traditional" parts of Medicare.
• You can choose to enroll in the alternative to traditional Medicare, Medicare Part C, or Medicare Advantage. Part C plans bundle Parts A and B (and sometimes Part D) with other benefits, such as dental or vision care.
• Medicare Part D coverage, which is often optional, covers many of your prescription medications.

Medicare Updates for 2024

Although 2024 Medicare premiums are seeing an increase, there are nevertheless a few bright spots.

Starting on January 1, 2024, Medicare enrollees may be pleased to hear about several positive changes taking place. These include the following five updates:

1. Medicare’s mental health coverage is expanding.

• If you need a licensed mental health provider, you will be more likely to able to find a professional near you who accepts Medicare. About 400,000 more of these providers added nationwide by Medicare will include marriage and family therapists as well as mental health counselors.

• Medicare can now help if you require treatment for alcohol abuse or substance use disorder. Older Americans are currently suffering from a substance abuse epidemic. In 2022, roughly 4 million seniors aged 65 and older were living with an addiction. Covered treatments will now include such services as psychotherapy, prescription drugs, and screenings.

• Medicare will now cover up to 19 hours per week for intensive outpatient mental health care for qualifying patients. This includes enrollees who are struggling with serious mental health illnesses or substance abuse.

2. Up to 3 million more people could qualify for extra help paying their Medicare Part D premiums.

As of the start of 2024, the Medicare Extra Help Program will strive to boost its number of enrollees through various outreach efforts. Extra Help assists low-income seniors and people with disabilities. However, many who are eligible do not currently participate in the program, sometimes because they remain unaware of its existence.

In addition, another 300,000 individuals who already are part of the program will see their benefits expand further. They'll see their out-of-pocket costs for their prescription medications drop by an average of $300 a year. These enrollees also will not have to pay a premium or deductible.

3. If your specialty medications are particularly pricey, you will see considerable savings in 2024.

Many people rely on certain expensive medications to treat such serious health conditions as cancer. Even with Medicare Part D, they may have no choice but to pay tens of thousands of dollars out of pocket each year for them.

If your prescription drugs covered by Medicare cost you more than $8,000 out of pocket, you will not be responsible for any other co-pays or coinsurance for the remainder of the calendar year. This is because Medicare Part D enrollees, as of 2024, will no longer have to pay a 5 percent co-pay for catastrophic coverage.

Note that if you rely solely on brand-name prescription medications, you will end up spending roughly $3,300 out of pocket to avoid the 5 percent co-pay. (Even better, come 2025, Part D enrollees will not pay more than $2,000 out of pocket for their prescription drugs in any given year.)

4. You’ll pay no more than $35 a month for insulin supplies covered by Medicare Part D.

As part of the Inflation Reduction Act, price cuts on insulin became effective on January 1, 2024. Medicare Part D plans therefore cannot charge enrollees more than $35 per month for insulin included in their plan. Part D deductibles for insulin supplies will no longer apply, either.

The cost of this medication has tripled over the past decade or so. Even for people who require insulin daily, many are still unable to afford it. In 2022, more than a million individuals with diabetes chose to ration their insulin supply because of the cost, according to one report.

5. If you suffer from chronic pain, Medicare will now cover your monthly services.

For the first time, people receiving Medicare who have persistent or recurring pain lasting longer than three months now can have such services has medication management and pain assessment covered by their plan. (You will still need to pay for your Medicare Part B deductible and coinsurance.)

Work With Your Attorney

If you need assistance navigating Medicare, reach out to your elder law attorney today. They can help you understand how to apply for or qualify for Medicare benefits.

What Is Hospice Care at Home?

Hospice care is a type of health care that patients with terminally ill conditions rely on at the end of their lives. This type of care focuses on pain management and emotional, spiritual, and familial support for patients nearing the end of their lives.

There are several options for receiving hospice care, including being cared for at home. The type of intimate care a patient receives while in hospice is more conducive to being received at the patient’s home. This becomes a team effort, and it helps to have a peaceful environment when receiving care.

Who Can Benefit From This Type of Care?

Patients with serious illnesses like cancer, heart disease, dementia, kidney failure, or other fatal conditions benefit from hospice care. This type of care can help the patient live a more comfortable life while decreasing the emotional burden of grief for families by preparing them for the loss of their loved one.

When Is Hospice Recommended?

Hospice care should not only be considered by those who have loved ones nearing the end of their lives. While most of these services are generally reserved for people with six months or less to live, early hospice care can be beneficial for patients and their families as well.

You may wish to consider such services in the following cases:

• The patient has a serious decline in their physical well-being
• After a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease or dementia
• You have decided to forgo any treatment to improve your physical treatment or care for your illness

Who Makes Up a Hospice Care Team?

Your hospice team can consist of many different types of people. Various professionals and volunteers may be involved in end-of-life care. Some of those you may see on your care team can include:

• Doctors
• Nurses
• Social workers
• Spiritual advisors
• Trained volunteers

Who Pays for Hospice Home Care?

Like any other health care option, these services can quickly become very expensive. Fortunately, there are several ways to cover the cost, including:

Government Programs

If you qualify for government assistance, there may be insurance plans specifically designed to cover the cost of hospice care.

Seniors enrolled in Medicare Part A may qualify for a Medicare hospice care benefit. This benefit program allocates money to pay for such care at home.

For terminally ill patients on Medicaid, hospice care may be covered depending on the state.  

The Department of Veterans Affairs may also provide coverage for these care benefits for seniors who have served our country.

Private Insurance

Check the terms of your insurance policy to determine if your health insurance covers hospice care. Your policy may cover all or part of your hospice care needs.

Options for Uninsured Patients

Even if you do not have health insurance, you may still have coverage options. There are charitable organizations that work with elderly and disabled individuals who need help paying for hospice care services. Hospice care organizations also often have internal departments that work with patients who qualify for this type of care but are indigent or do not have health insurance.

Is In-Home Hospice Right For You?

Making this choice is an important part of your end-of-life care plan. Be sure to gather as much information as you can before deciding whether this type o care is best for you. For example, you may want to consult Medicare’s hospice compare website or CaringInfo.org’s website for other hospice locator tools.

If you have questions about Medicare or Medicaid, contact your elder law attorney to learn more.

Comparing Traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage

Recent research by the Kaiser Family Foundation examined the differences between traditional Medicare and Medicare Advantage. While people in either program were similarly satisfied with their care and overall care coordination, some distinctions became apparent.

Traditional Medicare’s Strengths

Traditional Medicare is a federal health insurance program for adults 65 and older and individuals with disabilities. Medicare Part A covers hospital fees, Part B applies to medical expenses, and Part D involves prescriptions.

The Foundation reviewed 62 studies released since 2016. The research findings revealed the following:

• Beneficiaries of traditional Medicare were more likely to receive cancer care in higher-quality hospitals.
• They also tended to get superior care in skilled nursing facilities and home health agencies compared with their Medicare Advantage counterparts.
• Traditional Medicare recipients may be less likely to have problems related to expenses.

Findings on Benefits of Medicare Advantage

Medicare Advantage is an alternative to traditional Medicare. It offers plans encompassing Part A hospital fees, Part B medical expenses, and Part D medicine. In some cases, the cost of Medicare Advantage can be lower, but not always. Privately owned companies contract with Medicare to provide Medicare Advantage.

According to the study:

• Some research indicated that Medicare Advantage had slightly better preventive services, providing increased access to routine health checkups, screenings, and vaccinations.
• Patients with Medicare Advantage were more likely to have a consistent health care provider.
• Medicare Advantage had lower hospital readmission rates, received more information during care transitions, and had more favorable experiences getting prescription drugs.

Switching Rates

The researchers looked at the rates at which people switched programs as a way of understanding program dissatisfaction. Medicare Advantage had a higher switching rate relative to traditional Medicare. Yet both had a low turnover, possibly suggesting that people tended to be satisfied with both programs.

Switching from Medicare Advantage to standard Medicare was more common among:

• people of color
• residents of rural areas
• those eligible for both Medicare and Medicaid
• individuals who experienced a health impairment that affected their daily functioning

Cost Issues

Beneficiaries of traditional Medicare reported higher rates of cost difficulties than enrollees in Medicare Advantage. Yet recipients of conventional Medicare with supplemental coverage had the lowest rates of expense complaints overall.

Seek Professional Guidance

Since each plan’s benefits and drawbacks can depend on individual circumstances, consider speaking to your elder law attorney before enrolling. They can explain the differences between these programs and help you plan for retirement.

Are You Missing Out on Benefits? Identify the Programs Available to Seniors Like You

Older adults have access to hundreds of federal and state benefits programs. Many retirees meet the requirements for these aids, yet do not know they are eligible and miss opportunities to receive assistance. Others can feel overwhelmed by complex application processes.

BenefitsCheckUp, the National Council on Aging’s online resource, helps elders identify the federal and state assistance programs for which they are qualified. The database is free to access, and the National Council on Aging ensures personal information people enter into the website remains confidential.

The resource provides older people not only with individualized reports of the assistance programs that cover them, but also the details they may need on each program before applying, including contact information for the agencies administering the assistance.

How to Obtain an Eligibility Results Report

To get personalized Eligibility Results detailing the benefits programs to which you may apply, enter your information into the database on the BenefitsCheckUp website, starting with your ZIP code. Then select the programs that interest you, which offer support on any number of services, including:

• Health care and medication
• Food and nutrition
• Housing and utilities
• Aging in place and in-home care
• Income
• Disability services
• Long-term care, such as skilled nursing facilities
• Discounts and activities
• Tax help
• Crisis, legal, and general assistance
• Veterans’ programs

Once you enter details such as your date of birth and marital status, BenefitsCheckUp generates a report outlining the specific programs accessible to you, and identifies what other information each program requires.

The Eligibility Results reports have several user-friendly features:

• If you make errors filling in details or want to provide additional information, the website allows you to go back and revise your answers.
• After the website creates an individualized Eligibility Results report, you can save it as a PDF and email it to yourself or a loved one.

Family and Caregivers Can Use BenefitsCheckUp to Assist Their Loved Ones

Family members or caregivers of older adults can also use BenefitsCheckUp to help their loved ones learn about benefits programs. They can enter an individual’s information into the website on their behalf and get a report, which they can use to support their loved ones in applying for state or federal benefits.

This easy-to-use resource can help older adults and their families alleviate the stress associated with applying to state and federal benefits programs. Visit the BenefitsCheckUp website to use the tool.

Should You Prepare a Medicaid Application Yourself?

Navigating the Medicaid application process can be complicated, especially if you are applying for long-term care benefits. Hiring an attorney to help you through the process can be extremely helpful. 

Whether you should prepare and file a Medicaid application by yourself or should hire help depends on answers to the following questions:

• How old is the applicant?
• How complicated is the applicant's financial situation?
• Is the individual applying for community or nursing home benefits?
• How much time do you have available?
• How organized are you?

Medicaid is the health care program for individuals who do not have another form of insurance or whose insurance does not cover what they need, such as long-term care. Many people rely on Medicaid for assistance in paying for care at home or in nursing homes.

For people under age 65 and not in need of long-term care, eligibility is based largely on income and the application process is not very complicated. Most people can apply on their own without assistance.  

Matters get a bit more complicated for applicants age 65 and above and especially for those of any age who need nursing home or other long-term care coverage. In these cases, availing yourself of the services of an attorney is practically essential.

Medicaid applicants over age 65 are limited to $2,000 in countable assets (in most states). It's possible to transfer assets over this amount in order to become eligible, but seniors need to be careful in doing so because they may need the funds in the future and if they move to a nursing home, the transfer could make them ineligible for benefits for five years. Professional advice is also crucial because there is a confusing array of different Medicaid programs that may be of assistance in providing home care, each with its own rules.

All of that said, the application process itself is not as complicated for community benefits (care that takes place outside of an institutional setting, such as in the beneficiary’s home). In short, those over 65 may need to consult with an elder law attorney for planning purposes, but they or their families may be able to prepare and submit the Medicaid application themselves.

But submitting an application for nursing home benefits without an attorney's help is not a good idea. This is because Medicaid officials subject such applications to enhanced scrutiny, requiring up to five years of financial records and documentation of every fact. Any unexplained expense may be treated as a disqualifying transfer of assets, and many planning steps -- such as trusts, transfers to family members, and family care agreements -- are viewed as suspect unless properly explained. Finally, the process generally takes several months as Medicaid keeps asking questions and demanding further documentation for the answers provided.

Many elder law attorneys offer assistance with Medicaid applications as part of their services. This has several advantages, including expert advice on how best to qualify for benefits as early as possible, experience in dealing with the more difficult eligibility questions that often arise, and a high level of service through a long, grueling process. The one drawback of using an attorney rather than a lay service is that the fee is typically substantially higher. However, given the high cost of nursing homes, if the law firm's assistance can accelerate eligibility by even one month that will generally cover the fee. In addition, the payments to the attorney are generally with funds that would otherwise be paid to the nursing home -- in other words, the funds will have to be spent in any event, whether for nursing home or for legal fees.

Multiple Bankruptcy Filings: When Can You File Again?

Can you file bankruptcy more than once? Is there any waiting period? Yes, you can consider filing bankruptcy again in California. Many Americans keep wondering about the impact if they file for bankruptcy again. Some even doubt that they can file many times. If you have any bankruptcy concerns, you can consider visiting Fong Law Group. Their attorneys can find a suitable solution based on your financial position. In the following, we will know more about multiple bankruptcies.

 How Long You Need to Wait

The waiting time will vary based on chapters. Also, there will be some other limitations. You will have to go through both benefits and downsides. If you file bankruptcy again soon after eliminating your debts in the previous filing, you cannot get discharged again. Even if you cannot get a discharge, you can think of filing bankruptcy again under certain circumstances. Lawyers in Fong Law Group can help you with the best legal solution.  You will know when and how you can file bankruptcy again. Fong Law Group offers legal services to Monterey Park California, and surrounding areas. You can reach out whenever needed.

When it comes to the waiting period and other limitations, you will have to understand the combinations.

Chapter 7 to Chapter 7

You might be aware that Chapter 7 bankruptcy can discharge most of your loans. However, you cannot file under this chapter frequently. Yes, you will have to wait for eight years to file bankruptcy under this chapter again. The waiting period will be eight years between both filing dates.

Chapter 13 to Chapter 13

When it comes to filing again under chapter 13, you will not have to wait long. You can file again after two years. But you might need to wait a bit longer since the repayment plan can continue for three years. You can decide based on your condition.

Chapter 7 to Chapter 13

If you have filed bankruptcy under chapter 7, you might need to wait four years to file bankruptcy under Chapter 13. The time will start from the filing date of your previous bankruptcy. After four years, you can think of filing bankruptcy under Chapter 13.

Chapter 13 to Chapter 7

You might need to wait for six years. But you can get some relaxation if you have repaid at least seventy percent of your debt. With a good repayment history, you can file again within one year.

Can I File Multiple Bankruptcies?

Yes, you can file multiple bankruptcies. Even if there is a waiting period between filings, you will have the option to file many times. However, it will impact your credit and loan-taking ability. Hence, you can avoid multiple bankruptcies.

Can I Receive A Discharge?

Yes, you can receive a discharge if you have not received it in your first bankruptcy filing. However, you will not get an automatic stay order.

Do you have any doubt? Call Fong Law Group at (626) 289-8299 for a FREE consolidation, and talk to an attorney today. We are here to help you get through this difficult time in your life, and help you with a Fresh Start.

Hiring a Caregiver: Should You Employ One Yourself or Go Through an Agency?

Most seniors prefer to stay at home as long as possible rather than move into a nursing home. For many families, this means eventually hiring a caregiver to look after an aging relative. There are two main ways to hire someone: directly or through a home health agency.

Hiring directly
When you hire a caregiver directly, you need to consider all the tax and liability issues. As an employer, you are responsible for filing payroll taxes, tax forms, and verifying that the employee can legally work in the United States. If you pay $2,300 or more in wages in 2021 to any one employee, you need to withhold and pay Social Security and Medicare taxes. If you pay more than $1,500 in wages in 2021, you need to pay unemployment taxes. In addition, a private caregiver may not carry his or her own liability insurance or workers' compensation. If an accident occurs on the job, you could be responsible.

The benefit of hiring a caregiver directly is that you have more control over whom you hire and can choose someone whom you feel is right for your family. Another benefit is that hiring privately is usually cheaper than hiring through a home health agency. For more information from Caring.com on hiring a caregiver directly, click here.

The agency route
When you hire through a home health agency, the agency is the employer, so you don't need to worry about tax and liability issues. The agency takes care of screening the employees, doing background checks, and providing insurance. In addition, a licensed home care agency must provide ongoing supervision to its employees. It can help the employees deal with difficult family situations or changing needs. The agency may also be able to provide back-up if a regular caregiver is not available.

The downside of going through an agency is not having as much input into the selection of the caregiver. Another consideration is that caregivers may change or alternate, causing a disruption in care and confusion. To find a home health care agency near you, click here.

In 2022, Social Security Beneficiaries Will See the Biggest Increase in 39 Years

The year was 1983: The U.S. invaded Granada. A gallon of gas cost 96 cents. Michael Jackson’s ‘Thriller’ video premiered. That year was also the last time that Social Security recipients saw a cost-of-living increase steeper than the one just announced for 2022. This year, Social Security benefits will rise 5.9 percent, the sharpest upsurge since 1983’s 7.4 percent jump. 

Cost-of-living increases are tied to the consumer price index, and rising inflation rates and gas prices caused by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic mean Social Security recipients will get a large boost in 2022. The 5.9 percent increase dwarfs last year’s 1.3 percent rise, and over the past decade hikes have averaged just 1.65 percent. The average monthly benefit of $1,565 in 2021 will go up by $92 a month to $1,657 a month for an individual beneficiary, or $19,884 yearly. 

The cost-of-living change also affects the maximum amount of earnings subject to the Social Security tax, which will grow from $142,800 to $147,000.

For 2022, the monthly federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI) payment standard will be $841 for an individual and $1,261 for a couple.

Part of the increase will be eaten up by higher Medicare Part B premiums, however. The standard monthly premium for Medicare Part B enrollees has not been announced yet, but it is projected to rise $10 a month to $158.30.  And the 5.9 percent Social Security increase may not be enough for seniors to keep pace with rising health care and prescription drug costs.

“You’re glad that you get a 5.9 percent increase, but it doesn’t feel like you’re getting 5.9 percent when all of your other costs are going up much higher,” said Nancy Altman, president of the advocacy group Social Security Works.

Most beneficiaries will be able to find out their specific cost-of-living adjustment online by logging on to my Social Security in December 2021. While you can still receive your increase notice by mail, you have the option to get the notice online instead.

For more on the 2022 Social Security benefit levels, click here.